The Post Traumatic Stress Disorder - 1587 Words

Dr. Shiraldi states in his book, The Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Sourcebook Second Edition: A Guide to Healing, Recovery, and Growth, that PTSD is â€Å"a normal response by normal people to abnormal situation† (2009). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) recognized Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a mental disorder in 1980 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). It is a long-term reaction to exposure to severe traumatic events in an individual’s life. These exposures might include rape, war, abuse, natural disaster or other extreme stressors. Man-made, intentional causes are usually the most complex situations to recover from, with those caused by nature being the least emotionally impacting long-term. In the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) it gives certain criteria to be met in order for someone to be diagnosed with PTSD. For instance, an individual must have had an experien ce to where their own or another person’s well-being was in jeopardy. Also, the individual must have had a response of feelings of intense fear, helplessness or horror (1994). Losing their grip on reality they may not be able to separate the real from unreal and they might develop dissociate amnesia. Re-experiencing and hyperarousal are further criterions according to the DSM. All of these symptoms may lead to a negative impact on the individual’s life. War-related and related trauma disorders were firstShow MoreRelatedPost Traumatic Stress Disorder980 Words   |  4 PagesToday we are here to figure out why is it that past events are the triggers that cause Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is an anxiety disorder that some people get after seeing or undergoing a dangerous event. There are various symptoms that begin to show or actions that can give a clear answer whether one may be diagnosed with this disorder. One of the many problems is that no age range is safe from suffering PTSD. One must ask themselves what set of events happenedRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder851 Words   |  3 PagesPost Traumatic Stress Disorder Introduction â€Å"There are currently over 400,000 Veterans in treatment for PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) and it is estimated that with the Iraq and Afghanistan wars there is an additional 33% increase in our returning soldiers.† Post Traumatic Stress Disorder has become a severe issue for veterans returning from overseas. One of the most effective, yet unused resources given to veterans to help them cope with their disorder is specially trained dogs. TheseRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder884 Words   |  4 Pagesof traumatic incidents, such as mugging, rape, torture, being kidnapped or held captive, child abuse, car accidents, train wrecks, plane crashes, bombings, or natural disasters such as floods or earthquakes.† (NIMH) Families of veterans struggle to help their loved ones. â€Å"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder caused by a person’s exposure to life-threatening or otherwise traumatic circumstances.† (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder affectsRead MorePost-Traumatic Stress Disorder1630 Words   |  7 Pagesare now accessing mental health services for the treatment of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) defined by DSM-IV-TR is â€Å"characterised by the re-experiencing of an extremely traumatic event accompanied by symptoms of increased arousal and by avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma† (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 2000). There are many impacts and effects this disorder has on refugees requiring treatment, interventions, education andRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder1004 Words   |  5 Pagescurrent criteria of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder has changed since the DSM-IV. In the DSM-V, the diagnostic criteria draws a clearer line when detailing what establishes a traumatic event. The DSM-V pays more attention to the behavioral symptoms that accompany PTSD and proposes four distinct diagnostic cluster s instead of three. They are described as re-experiencing, avoidance, negative cognitions and mood, and arousal. Re-experiencing is the spontaneous memories of the traumatic event, recurrentRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder1086 Words   |  5 Pagesfirst hand the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder. It is not possible to respond to emergency after emergency and not be subject to some of PTSD’s effects. When I saw this topic in the list I felt compelled to use this opportunity to learn more. My hope is by increasing my knowledge, of a disorder so prevalent in my career field; I can recognize the symptoms in others and myself before there effect becomes devastating. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD as it is more commonly referredRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )944 Words   |  4 Pageswith Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD Stats). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a mental disorder common found in veterans who came back from war. We can express our appreciation to our veterans by creating more support programs, help them go back to what they enjoy the most, and let them know we view them as a human not a disgrace. According to the National Care of PTSD, a government created program, published an article and provides the basic definition and common symptoms of PTSD. Post-traumaticRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesPost Traumatic Stress Disorder â€Å"PTSD is a disorder that develops in certain people who have experienced a shocking, traumatic, or dangerous event† (National Institute of Mental Health). Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has always existed, PTSD was once considered a psychological condition of combat veterans who were â€Å"shocked† by and unable to face their experiences on the battlefield. Much of the general public and many mental health professionals doubted whether PTSD was a true disorder (NIMH)Read MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1401 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the Mayo-Clinic Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, commonly known as PTSD is defined as â€Å"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that s triggered by a terrifying event — either experiencing it or witnessing it. Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrollable thoughts about the event† (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014). Post Trau matic Stress disorder can prevent one from living a normal, healthy life. In 2014, Chris Kyle playedRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1453 Words   |  6 Pages84.8% of those diagnosed Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder still show moderate impairment of symptoms, even 30 plus years after the war (Glover 2014). As of today, the Unites States has 2.8 million veterans who served in the Afghanistan and Iraq wars, of those it is estimated that 11 to 20% currently suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. As of 2013, a total of 12,632 veterans of the Afghanistan and Iraq wars are currently diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Glover 2014). Of course it

Minimum wage Free Essays

Minimum wage in Naples Labor Market Minimum wage Is the price floor imposed by the government for the welfare of labor. Price floor Is the legal minimum on the price at which a good can be sold. It Is an attempt by the government to maintain prices at other than equilibrium levels. We will write a custom essay sample on Minimum wage or any similar topic only for you Order Now When a government Imposes a price floor, there will be two cases. One the price floor Is not binding if the price floor is maintained below equilibrium price level. In this case, the market forces naturally move the economy to the equilibrium level and the price floor as no effect. In other case when price floor is above equilibrium level, such price floor is binding. In this case the market price equals price floor as government imposes such control on prices for the welfare of labors. At this point the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded which results in surplus of labor I. E. Unemployment. Since the supply is high some seller are unable to sell all they want at the market price. The sellers who appeals to personal biases of the buyer, perhaps due to racial or family ties, are better able to sell their goods than those who do not. By contrast, In a free market, the price serves as the rotational mechanism, and sellers can sell all they want at the equilibrium price. The Impact of minimum wage rate depends on the skill and experience of workers. Highly experienced and skilled workers are not affected because their equilibrium wages are above the minimum wages. Thus, the minimum wage raises the income of workers who have jobs but lowers the income of workers who cannot find Jobs. A labor market with a binding minimum wage: Minimum wage in context of Nepal: Minimum wages dictate the lowest price for labor that any employer may pay. Wages of workers are considered a principal cause of Industrial disputes in Nepal. The prevalence of a low wage rate has aggravated the extent of economic exploitation of employees. An assessment has reflected that employers themselves are retelling a greater part of profits and benefits and only a small part to others sectors Including social securities and labor welfare activities. Wages and benefits are not compatible with increasing productivity and overall economic development of the country. So, to ensure workers a minimally adequate standard of living, the Minimum Wage Determination Committee has set the minimum wage rate for formal sector accordingly. Naples labor market is subjected to the forces of supply and demand. Workers determine the supply of labor, and firms determine the demand. If the government does not intervene, the wages normally adjust to balance labor supply and labor demand. If government fixes the minimum wage rate above the market equilibrium level, the quantity of labor supplied exceeds the quantity demanded. The result Is unemployment. In Nepal the minimum wage was RSI. 200 In 2011 which Is not relevant due to the fast changing socio-economic realties. This Is the reason trade unions negotiating on behalf of employees are demanding that Mullen wages should be doubled to RSI. 12400. They have an argument that prices of particularly in Katmandu, an expensive city, even a monthly wage of RSI. 12400 for is far from enough for comfortable life. Some others have been asking for RSI. 15000 minimum salary claiming that it is insuffic ient to survive in towns and its suburbs with the present salary and wage structure. So, let’s see the consumer price index (ICP) of Nepal to find whether the wage rate is determined on the basis of ICP. Annual National Consumer Price Index Base: 2005/2006=100 Highest minimum wage in South Asia: The minimum wage in Nepal as agreed by the employers and trade unionists in May 2013 is the highest in South Asia. Though Napalm’s minimum wage was highest in Pradesh in India raised theirs above Napalm’s. The average minimum monthly salary of India at US $47 still was lower than that of Nepal. Entrepreneurs believe that the problem of scarcity of workers in Nepal will decrease after the salary hike. According to Upstairs Murray, Vice President of the Federation of Naples Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FINCH), the flight of workforce will be stopped as the daily wage has been increased along with the minimum monthly salary. Entrepreneurs have also claimed that the Indian workers can be attracted as the minimum daily wage has been increased from RSI. 230 to RSI. 318. Minimum Monthly Salary in Year Country In US $ Nepal Sir Lankan Bangladesh Pakistan 70 Attar Pradesh (India) Briar (India) Conclusion: The government has declared the minimum wage but it is difficult to implement because of anti-worker and anti-union mentality . N the part of the government, here is no system of implementation and mechanism for monitoring the progress. From the very beginning, disputes have emerged with respect to the implementation of the wages particularly in the formal sector. Wage issues have now become the most important agenda in the industrial relations in the country. If the government and employers do not take this matter seriously and if they fail to implement corrective measures, the workers will go frustrated resulting in industrial unrests and other adverse effects in productivity. Over time and again minimum wage has increased. For long, the minimum wages earned by workers fell far below the amount needed to satisfy the family subsistence. But after unionization of labor, positive developments occurred in terms of real wages. However, only the fixation of wages cannot maintain healthy industrial relations. Regular monitoring of the implementation of the wages is very important. In the case of Nepal, this aspect is fully absent. Workers in enterprises or sectors where union is absent or weak are still compelled to work for a wage that is insufficient to earn a living. It is recommended that the minimum wage is fixed for workers taking into consideration the existing inflation rate. Employers have been asking for a scientific method for salary and wage hike based on annual inflation rate published by the central bank that will end to fear every two years that employees might go on strike. The government’s move to automatically revise minimum salary and wage every two years from the beginning of the new fiscal year will give political parties little room for bickering in the industrial sector and disturb the business environment. How to cite Minimum wage, Papers Minimum Wage Free Essays The concept of minimum wage is to ensure that employers do not pay wages below the mandated level. However this does not always happen instead this policy ends up hurting these workers and the economy in terms of lower job opportunities. This is because the increase of labor costs keeping all other things constant would eat into the net profits of the company. We will write a custom essay sample on Minimum Wage or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore in order to offset the decrease in profits, the need for low skilled labor decreases and companies look for higher productivity workers. The groups that are directly affected by the minimum wage consists of young workers or teenagers, part-time workers and workers from non-poor families. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1. 8 million paid-hourly employees were paid the federal minimum wage of $7. 25 in 2010. 5 These 1. 8 million employees can be broken down into two broad groups: Roughly half (49. 0 percent) are teenagers or young adults aged 24 or under. A large majority (62. 2 percent) of this group live in families with incomes two or more times the official poverty level. Looking just at the families of teenaged minimum wage workers, the average income is almost $70,600, and only 16. 8 percent are below the poverty line. 7 Note that the federal minimum wage applies to workers of all ages. 8 The other half (51. 0 percent) are aged 25 and up. 9 More of these workers live in poor families (29. 2 percent) or near the poverty level (46. 2 percent had family incomes less than 1. 5 times the poverty level). 10 However, even within this half of all minimum wage employees, 24. percent voluntarily work part-time, and just 34. 3 percent are full-time full-year employees. 11 Only 20. 8 percent of all minimum wage workers are family heads or spouses working full time, 30. 8 percent were children, and 32. 2 percent are young Americans enrolled in school. 12 The popular belief that minimum wage workers are poor adults (25 years old or older), working full time and trying to raise a family is largely untrue. Just 4. 7 percent match that description. 3 Indeed, many minimum wage workers live in families with incomes well above the poverty level. In order to understand the effect of raising minimum wage, the competitive model for economy can be used. This model requires a negative sloping demand curve for labor and wage rate that is competitive in nature. This means that the wage rate is not determined by any individual agents and is always equal to the market rate. In the figure shown below the dema nd curve is labeled as DD and the supply curve is SS. As mentioned, since the market decides the wage rate , the intersection of the demand and supply gives this rate – Wc. The corresponding employment rate is Ec. By imposing the minimum wage Wm, another corresponding employment rate emerges Em. With the implementation and increase of minimum wage, the demand of employment reduces and also has a corresponding excess supply for labor. However with the increase in minimum wage there is also an influx of new labor attracted by the minimum wage which puts further pressure of the employment opportunities available. However this comes at the expense of low skilled labor who find it very difficult to compete in the new scenario. The effects of raising minimum wage could be channeled in the following ways: * Decreased employment opportunities to keep profit margins * The increased cost of labor may be passed on the to the consumer in terms of higher prices for products and services. * Firms may decide to reduce the working hours and maintain the existing labor force which diminishes productivity of the firms. Reduced job training which diminishes the firms to maintain high productivity among the labor force. However if the model is assumed to be the monopsony model, the economy is considered to be marginally competitive. This means that majority of the market share is under a few firms. In this scenario, if the minimum wage is increased from below competitive wages to competitive wages as shown in the diagram, the employment rates will actually increase. This is because there is a new found interest in the labor force to work in these industries and the companies can afford to pay these wages. However this concept is not widely used due to low presence of lower- wage firms in comparison to the large labor forces of an economy. Reference 11Â  Author’s analysis of the Bureau of Labor Statistic’s Current Population Survey data for March 2010. http://www. downsizinggovernment. org/labor/negative-effects-minimum-wage-laws#top Question 3: Impacts of an Appreciating Currency In the case of appreciation of the yen, the following impacts could occur to Japanese firms * The first effect would be on the negative effect of exports and as a result would cause the firms to become less competitive based on price. * Another effect would be as a result of the exchange rate fluctuations. Certain firms might not be protected to negative fluctuations as a result of dealing with yen as their primary mode of currency. This therefore can eat into the profitability of the Japanese firms and cause multinationals to shift overseas to a more stable country. Therefore in short, the reduction in exports due to an increase in the value of yen is because the Japanese goods have now become more expensive to other countries. Therefore this reduction directly affects the firms that deal with these exports and thus affects their profitability. However , in spite of the decrease in exports , Japanese firms now have the ability to expand overseas due to the higher purchasing power of the yen. One example of this phenomenon was when the liquor company Asahi took over the Independent Liquor from New Zealand for 1. 3billion dollars. How to cite Minimum Wage, Papers Minimum Wage Free Essays The concept of a minimum wage has been around for over a century; New Zealand was the first country to have a minimum wage, enacted in 1894. The United States introduced minimum wage during the Great Depression in 1938. (Anderson) A minimum wage is a price floor; this sets a base line wage that companies have to pay their employees. We will write a custom essay sample on Minimum Wage or any similar topic only for you Order Now Currently in the United States nearly 75 million people work minimum wage jobs. (Goldstein) In 2004 the federal minimum wage was $5. 15 an hour and only 12 states had higher minimum wages. (Wall Street Journal) Today it is $7. 5, last updated in 2009. Polling shows that the public supports an increase in the minimum wage. (Kusler) Minimum wage brings together theoretical economics and real world economics, by coming up with a number that is as close as possible to the natural equilibrium while still providing a wage that workers can live on. It has positives and negatives, but I think the positives outweigh the negatives. Proponents of the minimum wage want a base line wage that workers can earn so they are not taken advantage of and can earn enough to provide for their families. This side of the argument assumes that the employers are making a profit for themselves and will exploit their workers as much as they can. Minimum wage is a protection for workers from getting exploited and not being able to provide for their families. Many argue that minimum wage is too low at this time, leaving millions of workers still needing assistance from the government, which is paid by tax payers. As tax payers we are picking up the slack of low wages paid to low earning employees. By increasing the minimum wage, we would be giving more purchasing power to the people who are most likely to spend it. For example, in 2009 in Georgia the minimum wage was the current minimum wage of $7. 25. If you spend a third of your income in housing, the recommended amount, to rent a one bedroom apartment in Atlanta of about $800 you would need to earn $16 an hour. (Gatlin) As this example illustrates, the wage that workers are getting today is not allowing them to support themselves, making the government have to step in with social services to help them. (The Wall Street Journal) If minimum wage had increased with inflation from 1968, people would be earning $9. 2 an hour, which is a lot closer to a living wage. (Gatlin) Other calculations suggest that if it had followed that path today, the minimum wage would be $10. 55. (Goldstein) Earning more is a reward for low wage workers, they are more likely to be loyal, more productive, less likely to not show up for work and shirk their duties. What owners think they save in payroll with paying workers less, they spend looking for new employees beca use old employees are leaving for jobs that pay higher wages. They also lose the investment that they made in training the person, that training will now have to be invested in someone else. Micah Domato, who runs A. L. Bazzini, a store that sells nuts, in New York City pays his employees an entry wage of $8; he keeps it at that level because other stores would not be able to compete with his pricing. (Wall Street Journal) If employers restructure their wage scales almost 400,000 more workers would benefit; they are the ones working slightly above minimum wage. Indeed, on January 1st, 2012 eight states raised their minimum incomes to adjust for inflation and over 1 million workers benefited. There is so much agreement on this topic that both Mitt Romney and President Barack Obama have said that they support an automatic increase to keep up with inflation. (Kusler) In conclusion, raising the minimum wage will give purchasing power to low income earners who are the people who need it the most. It will also create more business because people will be buying more with their increased incomes. People who are against minimum wage feel that it creates a surplus of unemployed workers. This surplus can’t get hired because there isn’t enough money to pay them from the profits that they are making at that level of production. Not only will it slow job growth, but an increased minimum wage will actually lead to even more job losses than the first minimum wage. For example, in 2009 in Georgia, the unemployment rate rose from 4. 5% to 10. 7% in 18 months around the time when the latest minimum wage was set. This price floor will limit job creation in the long run for the least skilled workers. Their employers will have to calculate if the new hourly wage exceeds their hourly product of labor, and then employers will have to see if they should substitute the worker with a more productive worker that will work at a level that is more than his or her wage or they will keep the costs they would have spent on a worker. In both cases, increasing minimum wage is a risk for the current worker. An alternative for minimum could be income subsidies, which can be considered less market intrusive. (Kusler) The National Federation of Independent Business says a tax credits for heads of households is another good alternative that won’t shrink job opportunities or place collateral damage on small businesses. Higher wages can discourage employers from hiring new employees because they can’t afford them. They will in turn maximize their profits with their current employees. The governor of New York in 2004 George Pataki said he would rather the increase be federal minimum wage than state wide because it gives states with lower minimum wages an advantage. In the end, an increase in the minimum wage is feared to only bring disaster. Fewer people will get hired and small business will have to take on a cost they cannot afford. This issue has been debated close to home as well. On November 6 of this year, San Jose passed a law with 58% of the vote that would increase the city-wide minimum wage from $8 to $10 an hour. This new minimum wage is what it was in 1968, adjusted for inflation. Only San Francisco, Washington DC, Santa Fe and Albuquerque have set their own minimum wage before. The measure started in a San Jose State University classroom. The students drafted the measure and got enough signatures to turn their idea into Measure D. Goldstein) In San Jose an average minimum wage worker salary is $1,280, which is not even enough to cover the average rent of $1,800. More people, therefore, have to rely on government assistant to get by. This new law will help 40,000 low wage workers. (Myers-Lipton) The Mayor of San Jose, Chuck Reed, sided against it and the City Council was divided. The Mayor says that it will t ake about $600,000 to put the law in place because they have to make sure everyone follows it. This will put a huge strain on the city’s budget, in addition to the 25% increase in their pay roll for the city’s own minimum wage workers. The opposition says that this increase would lead to cuts in staffing or hiring fewer workers. For example Fourth Street Pizza says that they will have to consider some increase in their prices so they don’t have to lay any one off. (Rusk) Measure D will go in effect early 2013. Only the future will say what effect this measure will have on the economy of San Jose, I hope it proves to be a positive outcome. Minimum wage helps keep a balance between the theoretical economic world and the real world by giving workers better wages than they would otherwise have. The big debate now in many states and municipalities is whether to keep it or increase it. Increasing would lead to workers having better lives and being more loyal and productive at work. Others say increasing it would lead to staffing cuts and fewer jobs because firms wouldn’t be able to cover their cost of paying workers more or having more of them. San Jose just raised its city minimum wage by voter approval. In the future it could go both ways, but hopefully it will improve the economy because people will have more money so they will spend more money. How to cite Minimum Wage, Essay examples

Essay on Internet Privacy Carnivore is an Invasi Essay Example For Students

Essay on Internet Privacy Carnivore is an Invasi Essay on to Privacy Argumentative Persuasive Essays Carnivore is an Invasion to Privacy Carnivore is the FBIs latest toy. All the time we hear about how it is an invasion to privacy, and while I do agree it does have serious problems it also has some moral dilemmas. For example who is subject to Carnivore and where is it located? How much and What kind of information is the FBI interested in getting? Lets start by looking at just what exactly Carnivore is. Carnivore is an actual piece of hardware that the FBI connects to an internet backbone. According to Compnet. com; For Carnivore to gain access to this much data, its hardware must be plugged directly into the network at a central location. Because most Internet based communications in the USA flow through large Internet Service Providers (ISPs), the FBI would typically install a Carnivore box inside an ISP data center. Controlled physical and network access improves the systems overall security. Basically from the data center of the ISP Carnivore is able to acquire any information that it chooses to, or is assigned to. Typically a search warrant is issued and the device set to acquire information about a subject. Any email, or other form of communications that the person being viewed is recorded for the FBI to view later. Any information is intercepted once the FBI is in they know all and see all. Which begs the question what if they are getting search warrants on anyone they choose? Who reports them? Who holds the people accountable for spying on people later found out to be innocent? Because Carnivore is a BLACK BOX project a lot of information about the project is not being released to the public and if that is not scary enough for you, the people in charge of issuing the warrants and who the FBI labels and those that need to be Watched is also not readily available. Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Without an internal regulatory system for the FBI to control the use of carnivore it looks as though anyone anywhere can be tapped. Carnivore also has other problems too. According to cnn. com; Specific technical concerns noted by the scientists include a lack of analysis between the Carnivore code and its host environment and operating system, inadequate discussion of the remote access provided by the use of the PC Anywhere program, and no evidence of a systematic search for bugs or serious errors. PC Anywhere is an application that allows computer professionals or employees to connect to a network from a remote location. The scientists went on to urge the Justice Department to publish the inner workings of Carnivore for a public review, a request that has also been suggested by several privacy advocate groups. Sounds to me like we are having TECHNICAL difficulties. Basically the FBI is releasing their super sleuth into and environment where it has not been thoroughly tested! Since it is in place on the ISPs back bone this could pose Serious PROBLEMS!! Carnivore has only been used twenty-five times according the cnn.com, and already the FBI is wanting to place them EV ERYWHERE! This is not only dangerous it is blatantly stupid. It is bad enough in this day and age with worrying about companies tracking our every move and giving us courtesy calls ( the name is a misnomer), now we have to worry about Big Brother? Personally if I wanted the FBI to know what I wrote in my email I would have sent it to them!!! In closing, Carnivore is a danger to privacy on the internet. There is too little information being released on how it is used, who is using it, and on whom it is being used. There seems to be no way to hold people accountable at the FBI who use it on innocent people, and what the FBI deems suitable for being watched. And last but certainly not least It STILL HAS BUGS!! It is not even a thoroughly tested piece of hardware! I certainly must say my faith in democracy, and PRIVACY rights inparticular has .

Teaching ESL students to write in English

ESL students come from very different countries, from all walks of life. Some of them have been in America for a while already; others are fairly new to the country and its habits and culture. It’s important to acknowledge the fact they differ not only from â€Å"the† American but also from their classmates. Discussions in the group may run into a dead end street since not every student is used to speak his mind. Familiar topic When teaching them to write in English you might want to start with a topic they are very familiar with and that is not hard to write down. Topics like ‘what did you do this weekend?’, ‘describe the celebration of a birthday’ or ‘what did you watch on TV lately?’ are simple and don’t ask too much of the student in regard of composition. Tell your students to never ever first do their piece of writing in their own language and then ‘translate’ it into English. Emphasize they should think in English and therefore write in English. Once they get tangled up in translating from their native language into English, they are sliding down at top speed. Be positive When you give feedback it is best to keep that positive. Search for the good things in the piece to give your student some self-confidence. Then you can point out some faults but never sum up all of them. Concentrate on the major few; you can deal with the others at another time. One step at the time does the job. You want your students to come back to your next session, right? Also keep in mind your student might be in awe of you. You are the authority he has to listen to. That’s the way he was raised. This difference in culture does not have to be an obstacle. You gently point out your criticism; when you ask whether he has understood, use so-called open questions. A simple: do you see what I mean? can be answered with a ‘yes’ or a ‘no’ without you knowing whether he really understood. In many cultures is it not done to say ‘no’, especially to someone higher in hierarchy. A question like: please sum up what I just told you, will force the student into actually giving you an answer that tells you something. Keep it simple There are many more tips and tricks to teach ESL students to write a good piece, a cover letter or an essay in English. As a teacher you have to keep it simple and build from there, and you need to have a lot of patience. Your ESL students may not understand the simplest rules and may not be used to the American way of communicating. But once they have taken their first hurdles it is a rewarding experience for both you and the ESL students you teach.

PSAT vs SAT 6 Key Differences You Must Know

PSAT vs SAT 6 Key Differences You Must Know SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips There's the PSAT, there's the SAT. There are even a few other assessments, as it turns out. There's a lot of jargon out there when it comes to the tests offered by the College Board, so it's important to know exactly what you're signing up for- and how each test is different. The SAT suite of assessments is designed to work together. All tests are fundamentally similar, and you can use any one to prepare for any other. That being said, the PSAT vs SAT isn't a perfectly equal match-up. In reality, there are some differences- both major and minor- between them. We take a look at these below. The SAT Suite of Tests: Overview First things first, let's establish what College Board tests are actually out thereand what these tests' often confusing monikers actually mean. PSAT 8/9 This test is taken in 8th and/or 9th grade to indicate what areas need special attention before a student graduates high school. PSAT 10 This test is exactly identical to the PSAT/NMSQT (discussed below); however, it's only offered in the spring and is only open to students in the 10th grade. PSAT/NMSQT This test, taken in the fall of 10th and/or 11th grade,is another check-in point meant to point out any skills a student has yet to master. Notably, though, it also gives students a chance to qualify for the National Merit Scholarship. SAT The college admission test we all know and love, the SATindicates your college readiness to any schools receiving your application. From here on out, we're going to zero in on the two tests that do most of the heavy lifting: the PSAT/NMSQT (hereafter referred to simply as the PSAT) and the SAT. There are similarities, and there are differences. PSAT vs SAT: What's the Same? The content and format of the SAT and PSAT are very similar, though not identical.Before we get into the key differences, let's talk about what doesn't change from one test to the other. #1: Content These two tests cover the same subjects. I mean, exactlythe same subjects- it's even a bit eerie. There's algebra on the PSAT; there's algebra on the SAT. There are vocab-in-context questions on the PSAT, and there are vocab-in-context questions on the SAT, too. You get the picture. #2: Basic Structure The style of the questions doesn't change much from one test to the other,either in terms of wording or the actual tasks. Also, the overall structureandglobal goal of testing remain the same. Both tests have two major components:Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (EBRW), and Math (the SAT also has an optional Essay component- more on that below). EBRW includes the Reading Test and theWriting and Language Test, whereas Math is made up of two subsections: one allows the use of a calculator, and the other one does not. On both the PSAT and the SAT, you'll getpassages on the Reading and Writing sections.On the Reading section you'll answer reading comprehension questions, and on the Writing section you'll answer questions about how to fix grammatical and stylistic weaknesses in the text. In addition, both the PSAT and SAT Math sections contain grid-in questions as well as multiple-choice questions.The grid-in questions come at the end of eachsection. #3: Subscores and Cross-Test Scores In addition to your final composite score, you'll always receivecross-test scores and subscores on the PSAT and SAT. However, there's a division between Math andEBRW,and there are a few other specifications, too. The two cross-test scores are Analysis in History/Social Studies and Analysis in Science.These scores refer to every question that tests critical thinking in the named areas, whetherappearing in a verbal section or the qualitative one. As for subscores, these differ for each of the three sections on the PSAT and SAT. The Reading section uses the following subscores: Command of Evidence Words in Context The Writing and Languagesection gives us these subscores: Expression of Ideas Standard English Conventions And finally, the Math section's subscores are as follows: Heart of Algebra Problem Solving and Data Analysis Passport to Advanced Math #4: No Guessing Penalty In the olden days, answering a question wrong meant having points literally deducted from your score.One-quarterpoint per question, to be exact. So if you missed eightquestions, not only would you not get those eightpoints, but you'd also lose an extra two points. Those two points would be subtracted from the points you'd already earned. Fortunately, those dark days are over.Today, if you miss eight questions on either the PSAT or SAT, all you lose is the opportunity to earn those eight points. Nothing gets subtracted from your score! Sometimes, on the SAT or PSAT, it's worth taking a gamble. PSAT vs SAT: What's Different? Now that we've covered the similarities between the two tests, let's dig into the differences. #1: Purpose The first major difference is the purpose of each test. Whereas the SAT isa common requirement for college admissions,the PSAT is an SAT practice test and the basis for the National Merit Scholarship Program.In other words, since the PSAT is essentially a precursor to the SAT, it is not as important as the SAT is. In regard to colleges, the PSAT has no impact on your admission chances, while the SAT typically does. Even a super low score on the PSAT would have no effect on your college applications. By contrast, a super low SAT score would likely significantly lower your admission chances. With National Merit, you can only enter the competition if you get in the top 1% of scorers on the PSAT (and are a high school junior). Thus, while a top 1% SAT score would no doubt give a boost to your college applications, it would not make you eligible for National Merit. #2: Score Range The PSAT is scored ona scale of 320-1520, while the SAT is scored ona scale of 400-1600. This means that the individual section score ranges differ as well. On the PSAT, EBRW and Math are each scored on a scale of 160-760.On the SAT, however, these sections are scored on a slightly bigger scale of200-800. Your PSAT score is meant to directly predict your SAT score.So if you get 1200 on the PSAT, you can expect to get roughly the same score if you took the SAT without further preparation. Why the different score ranges, though? Because the PSAT is a little less challenging (so as to accommodatea lower grade level),a perfect score on the PSAT falls a little short of a perfect score on the SAT. #3: Timing It's also important to notethat the amount of time and the number of questions for each section differ between the two tests. The SAT is slightly longer and has more questions,but the amount of time allottedper question is generally the same. The only exception is the Math No Calculator subsection, for which you get 13 seconds more per question on the PSAT than you do on the SAT. Here's an overview of the time and question differences between the PSAT and SAT: Test Section Time # of Questions Time per Question PSAT Reading 60 minutes 48 75 seconds Writing 35 minutes 44 48 seconds Math No Calc 25 minutes 17 88 seconds Math Calc 45 minutes 31 87 seconds Total 165 minutes 139 - SAT Reading 65 minutes 52 75 seconds Writing 35 minutes 44 48 seconds Math No Calc 25 minutes 20 75 seconds Math Calc 55 minutes 38 87 seconds Essay (optional) 50 minutes 1 50 minutes Total 180 minutes (230 minutes with essay) 154 (155 with essay) - If you skip the essay, the SAT is only 15 minutes longer.But if youdo take the essay- which is probably wise- you're in for an extra hour of testing.You'll want to train your endurance toward that goal. #4: The Essay You'll note that there was actually more than just a matter of timing implied in that last section. That's right: the PSAT has no essay. The SAT, on the other hand, does. It's optional, so you don't have to take it.But as your colleges might require or recommend it, you should be aware that this is one aspect of the SAT that the PSAT won't prepare you for. As a result,make sure you give the essay some attention before you dive into the SAT. Colleges tend to like having students write essays. #5:Level of Difficulty Throughout the College Board's suite of tests,things get a little bit harder.It's nothing huge; you just might find that the PSAT has more concrete, find-this-detail-in-the-text questions whilethe SAT has more abstract, what-purpose-did-this-detail-serve sorts of questions. #6: Logistics The final difference lies in the logistics of the PSAT and SAT, namely how each test is administered, how much each test costs, and where you can take each test. In terms of administration, the PSAT is held just once a year in October, while the SAT is offered seven times throughout the school year.(You can also take the SAT on adesignated school-day test day.) As you can see, you're typically expected to take the PSAT just once or twice in total. With the SAT, however, you have far more options to retake itand raise your score. Another big logistical difference is price. Though the PSAT is sometimes free for students whose schools cover the full cost of the test, the typical price is$16 a test.Comparatively, the SAT costs $46 without the Essay and $60 with the Essay. (Note that fee waivers are available for both the PSAT and SAT.) Finally, while the PSAT is alwaysadministered at schools,the SAT is administered at both schools and test centers. So if you're homeschooled or if your school doesn't offer the PSAT, you'll need to find another local school at which you can take it. PSAT vs SAT: Key Takeaways It's always a good idea to throw in a full-length, officialpractice PSAT before you take the real thing. If you're preparing for the PSAT using an SAT program, the good news is that you'll likely be overly prepared in terms of comfort with the content and your overall endurance. What you'll need to watch out for, though, is a probable tendency to overanalyzethe slightly simpler questions on the PSAT. Know that you will not be writing an essay on the PSAT, either. If you're preparing for the SAT using the PSAT, bear in mind that though it will get you most of the way there, you'll still need to supplement your study program with official practice SAT questions and at least a few cracks at the essay. What's Next? Prepare for the task ahead of you,whether it be the PSAT, the SAT, or both. It's important to be familiar with what you'll be doing on test day. And practice, as they say, makes perfect. Set some good goals- find out what it takes to qualify for the National Merit Scholarship Program, and learnwhat a good PSAT score looks like. That's actually not a simple question to answer, but reading up on the subject will get you feeling more comfortable with what you should aim for! If it's too early to think about the PSAT or the SAT, read some carefully considered advice about taking the PSAT 8/9. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Famous Japanese Fish Proverbs

Famous Japanese Fish Proverbs Japan is an island nation, therefore seafood has been essential to the Japanese diet since ancient times. Although meat and dairy products are as common as fish today, fish is still the main source of protein for the Japanese. Fish can be prepared grilled, boiled, and steamed, or eaten raw as sashimi (thin slices of raw fish) and sushi. There are quite a few expressions and proverbs including fish in Japanese. I wonder if this is because fish are so closely related to Japanese culture. Tai (Sea bream) Since tai rhymes with the word medetai (auspicious), it is regarded as a good luck fish in Japan. Also, the Japanese consider red (aka) as an auspicious color, therefore it is often served at weddings and other happy occasions as well as another auspicious dish, sekihan (red rice). On festive occasions, the preferred method for cooking tai is to boil it and serve it whole (okashira-tsuki). It is said that eating tai in its full and perfect shape is to be blessed with good fortune. The eyes of tai are especially rich in vitamin B1. Tai is also considered as the king of fish because of their beautiful shape and color. Tai is only available in Japan, and the fish that most people associate with tai is porgy or red snapper. Porgy is closely related to sea bream, while red snapper is only similar in taste. Kusatte mo tai (è… Ã£  £Ã£  ¦Ã£â€šâ€šÃ© ¯â€º, Even a rotten tai is worthwhile) is a saying to indicate that a great person retains some of their worth no matter how his/her status or situation changes. This expression shows the high regard the Japanese have for tai. Ebi de tai o tsuru (æ µ ·Ã¨â‚¬ Ã£  §Ã© ¯â€ºÃ£â€šâ€™Ã©â€¡ £Ã£â€šâ€¹, Catch a sea bream with a shrimp) means, To get a big profit for a small effort or price. It is sometimes abbreviated as Ebi-tai. It is similar to the English expressions To throw a sprat to catch a mackerel or To give a pea for a bean. Unagi (Eel) Unagi is a delicacy in Japan. A traditional eel dish is called kabayaki (grilled eel) and is usually served over a bed of rice. People often sprinkle sansho (a powdered aromatic Japanese pepper) over it. Although eel is rather costly, it has been very popular and people enjoy eating it very much. In the traditional lunar calendar, the 18 days before the beginning of each season is called doyo. The first day of doyo in midsummer and midwinter is called ushi no hi. It is the day of the ox, as in the 12 signs of the Japanese zodiac. In the old days, the zodiac cycle was also used to tell time and directions. It is customary to eat eel on the day of the ox in summer (doyo no ushi no hi, sometime in late July). This is because eel is nutritious and rich in vitamin A, and provides strength and vitality to fight against the extremely hot and humid summer of Japan. Unagi no nedoko (é ° »Ã£  ®Ã¥ ¯ Ã¥ ºÅ , an eels bed) indicates a long, narrow house or place. Neko no hitai (çÅ' «Ã£  ®Ã© ¡ , a cats forehead) is another expression that describes a tiny space. Unaginobori é ° »Ã§â„¢ »Ã£â€šÅ  means, something that rises rapidly or skyrockets. This expression came from the image of an eel that rises straight up in the water. Koi (Carp) Koi is a symbol of the strength, courage, and patience. According to Chinese legend, a carp which courageously climbed up waterfalls was turned into a dragon. Koi no takinobori (é ¯â€°Ã£  ®Ã¦ » Ã§â„¢ »Ã£â€šÅ , Kois waterfall climbing) means, to succeed vigorously in life. On Childrens Day (May 5th), families with boys fly koinobori (carp streamers) outside and wish for boys to grow strong and brave like carp. Manaita no ue no koi (㠁 ¾Ã£  ªÃ¦  ¿Ã£  ®Ã¤ ¸Å Ã£  ®Ã© ¯â€°, A carp on the cutting board) refers to the situation that is doomed, or to be left to ones fate. Saba (Mackerel) Saba o yomu é ¯â€"ã‚’è ª ­Ã£â€šâ‚¬ literally means, to read the mackerel. Since mackerel are a common fish of relatively low value, and also rot quickly when fishermen offer them for sale they often inflate their estimate of the number of fish. This is why this expression has come to mean, to manipulate the figures to ones advantage or to offer false numbers intentionally.​

Batesvile Casket Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Batesvile Casket Company - Essay Example They held the opinion that handling their customer’s needs was the path to success. They placed the utmost importance on customer satisfaction and consistently introduced improvement in their processes through technological innovation to provide speedy and better service to their customers. How New Technology Can Build Competitive Position The revolution in information technology is causing significant reduction in the cost of getting, processing and transmitting information. Information technology involves not just computers but encompasses the entire information that is used and created in a business, and the interlinked and convergent technologies that carry out processing of the information. The company faces a wide array of questions, namely how the technology can help them gain competitive advantage, what strategies can be used to obtain the maximum benefit of the technology and out of many options investment in which technology would yield the maximum benefit. The revol ution in information system has changed the structure of the industry and impacted competition. It has shown ways to companies to outperform their rivals; it creates the opportunity for businesses to realize the scope of new businesses from their existing ones (Porter & Miller, 1985). The implementation of new technology helps an organization to achieve competitive advantage over their competitors. James J. Kuisel, the MIS Director of Batesville Casket Company believed that the implementation of new technology would help them to gain leadership in the market. They were able to achieve remarkable cost reduction through the use of client/server network at the PC of the customer service center rather than the mainframe computer. The data was transferred from the client server to the mainframe. They were the pioneers in adopting a new PC development tool known as Knowledge-Man in the 1980s which helped them to reduce the cycle time. It was implemented by them faster than their competito rs. The MIS and the logistics department worked in conjunction and were able to reduce paperwork and thus serve customers faster. They did this at a time when competitors were still using paper based system. Initially, in 1990 the hardware that was used for customer service center was an early IBM PC. The system was obsolete and needed to be replaced. The software was required to be upgraded to the latest version of Knowledge –Man. The logistic department expected upgrade of the distribution and manufacturing system. Bar coding of the model number of each casket helped in automated tracking and identification of caskets. A bar code reader was placed at the loading dock of the customer service center that was connected via radio frequency link to the PC of the customer service center. A system for maintaining records of orders, maintaining inventory based on model number was established to serve customers better. Batesville continuously upgraded their technology to provide bet ter service to customers. They replaced their hardware, decided on operating systems and revised their software. They introduced IBM PS/2 Model A16 which had a memory of 4 megabytes, colored monitor, math coprocessor, mouse and hard disc of 160 megabyte. They installed Epson LQ1170 and Hayes 9600 Ultra external modem.